Level 2: Core Skills

Mastering Your Mirrors

Effective observation is the foundation of safe driving. Learn the MSM routine.

The Golden Rule: MSM

Before you change your speed or direction, you must follow this sequence:

Mirrors
Signal
Manoeuvre
1

Interior Mirror (Rear View)

This is your main mirror. It gives you a true sense of the speed and distance of following traffic because the glass is flat.

Check this first to see the 'big picture' behind you.

2

Door Mirrors (Side View)

These are slightly curved (convex) to provide a wider field of vision. This makes vehicles look smaller and further away than they actually are.

Use these to check the specific side you intend to move towards.

⚠️ The Blind Spot

Your mirrors do not see everything. Areas hidden by the car's bodywork are called blind spots. You must perform a shoulder check (looking into the blind spot) before moving off or changing lanes.

When to Check Your Mirrors:

  • 📍 Before Signaling: Always check mirrors first.
  • 📍 Before Braking: Know what's behind before you slow down.
  • 📍 Before Turning: Check the interior and the mirror on the side you're turning.
  • 📍 Before Opening Doors: Use the 'Dutch Reach' to check for cyclists.
  • 📍 After Completing a Manoeuvre: Check to reset your 'rear view' awareness.